Clinical Pearls

The Use of Inhalers in End-Stage COPD

Vincent Jay Vanston, MD FAAHPM HMDCB, and Mary Lynn McPherson, PharmD MA MDE BCPS

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disorder characterized by persistent airflow limitation. It is usually progressive in nature and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lungs.¹

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